Positive And Negative Effects Of Community Policing Free Essay Example, 7000 words

The birth of the term police as today s concept may be contributed to Henry Fielding. In 1848, Fielding who was a magistrate at that time conceived the idea of crime prevention as the principal task of the police force. He believed that a strong police and cooperation of the public could eliminate the causes of the crime and thus reduce crime in the society. He introduced the horse patrol and crime reporting system by the victims. After his death, John Fielding, his brother continued to develop further the idea of police. Besides, Fielding brothers, Patrick Colquhoun, a police reformer of the eighteenth century advocated that the primary goal of the police force was to prevent crime; recommended separation of judicial powers from police. The crime prevention idea set forth by the Fielding brothers and Colquhoun became the cornerstone for today's concept of community policing (Palmiotto 4-6). The history of policing through its failures and successes created the roots for community policing philosophy. Sir Robert Peel in 1929 with the formation of the London Metropolitan Police District laid the foundation of modern community policing philosophy. We will write a custom essay sample on Positive And Negative Effects Of Community Policing or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Sir Peel in 1929 developed the idea that prevention of crime should be the main objective of the police force. However, it took a long time before it became the objective of the American police force. American police were trained to respond to the commission of a crime (Palmiotto 14). American police historically lacked police-citizen interaction. Police strategy in America, at the beginning of the 20th century, was political. Policing represented the will of the political powers and their dominance in public life. In early 1900, police actions were directed to help those in power while punishing their political enemies (Greene 305). By the beginning of the 1920s, police lawlessness became a legend, and reformers sought to separate police from political control.

Ten Causes of Workplace Accidents - 888 Words

10 Causes of Workplace Accidents: Workplace environments normally consist of subtle safety hazards that have the possibility of causing injuries to workers. Therefore, the responsibility of maintaining safety and ensuring that safety hazards are abolished is both a duty of the employers and employees as well. Nonetheless, workplace accident usually occurs and cant be totally avoided as workers sometimes get injured on the job. Workplace accidents and injuries tend to cost the business more time and money and require knowledge regarding the various types of injuries. Common Types of Workplace Accidents: There are several common types of accidents and injuries in the workplace that have been classified into various categories. Some of these common types of injuries and accidents include strips, trips and falls, general injuries, and ergonomic injuries (Sheahan, n.d.). Strips, trips and falls that normally result in sprains and strains are regarded as the most common type of accidents and injuries in todays workplace (Accidents in the Workplace, n.d.). Actually, this type of accidents account for an estimated 41 percent of all the workplace accidents that require time away from work. In the past few years, 4 out of every 10 accidents in the workplace have usually been sprains and strains that involve falls and overexertion. Ergonomic accidents or injuries can take place from minor things like lots of sitting in positions that are regarded as ergonomicallyShow MoreRelatedAssignment Questions On Business Psychology1199 Words   |  5 Pagescompensat ion related expenses in the U.S.[Liberty Mutual 2014] . 10 Top expensive claims in regards to Workplace Injuries : #1 Overexertion The expense: $15 Billion #2 Falls (on the same floor) $9.19 Billion #3 Equipment or object striking someone $5.3 Billion #4 Falls to a level lower $5.12 Billion #5 Bodily reactions and/or exertions $4.27 Billion #6 Accidents that involve moving vehicles $3 Billion #7 Slip without actually falling to the floor Read MoreThe Construction Industry Development Board1454 Words   |  6 Pages(CIDB) was established as a government agency to facilitate and act as a catalyst to the development, is generally representing the construction industry to the government and the public. (Chan, 2009). According to Hiap (2012), the CIDB published a ten year Construction Industry Master Plan (CIMP) towards the end of year 2007, the aim is to refocus the strategic position and charting the future direction of the industry. The construction industry is one of the highest contributing in country’sRead MoreImpact Of Nursing Professionals On The Workplace904 Words   |  4 PagesImpacts on Nursing Professionals Health in the Workplace Nursing is a physically and psychologically demanding profession that can lead to injury and accidents in the workplace. Some of these injuries result in worker compensation claims due to the disabling nature of the injury. â€Å"Overexertion injuries cost America $13.6 billion in 2010 (nominal) compared to $10.0 billion in 1998 despite much research on safer handling practices during this period† (Marucci-Wellman et al., 2015, p. 57) Nurses canRead MoreWork And Adopt A Natural Energy Booster, The Common Nap Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagesbooster, the common nap. Workplace napping is an innovative, low-cost method that is starting to be incorporating at people’s places of work. Many people associate naps with laziness, however, businesses are evaluating the importance of naps in the workplace, as they hold various benefits such as an increase in performance, attentiveness, and overall productivity. Naps have held many stigmas over the years and are often seen as very unprofessional in the traditional workplace. Many say it leads toRead MoreNEBOSH IGC ANSWER Essay8290 Words   |  34 Pagesconsequences of an accident to: (i) the injured workers; (3) Moral: Any health and safety accident which leads to human harm will involve a degree of pain and suffering for the individual, possibly their family and friends. (ii) their employer. (3) Failure to comply with health and safety laws within a country, which then cause an incident can then lead to a criminal and/or civil legal action. If found guilty this could involve considerable fines and/or compensation awards. Economic: Accidents cost a greatRead MoreQcf641 Conforming to General Health, Safety and Welfare in the Workplace1214 Words   |  5 PagesHealth, Safety and Welfare in the Workplace Additional evidence must be attached to this document. (Photographs witness statements etc can be placed alongside the write up within the Text box or at the bottom of the write-up). You must try and answer every question as detailed as possible, one word and one sentence answers will not do. 1. Comply with all workplace health, safety and welfare legislation requirements. 1.1 Comply with information from workplace inductions and any health, safetyRead MoreFall Accidents Caused By Accidents1014 Words   |  5 Pages Fall accidents have been determined to be the single main cause of injuries and fatalities in the construction industry in the United States. The numbers of construction related fatalities from falls have declined between the years of 2006 through 2010, but the problem of falls consumes one third of the construction industry work related fatalities. Construction related falls is at the top of the OSHA list of fatal four. Even with the staggering numbers involving construction and falls there hasRead MoreHse, Risk Assessment1720 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction: A Health and Safety risk assessment is a planned process in which all hazards in the workplace are identified and their risk prospective evaluated. The risk possible is a mixture of the likelihood â€Å"when could an accident happen† with the severity â€Å"what could result† if an accident did happen. Once the risk potential has been identified, it will allow you to decide whether you have taken adequate (reasonable practicable) precaution or whether you need to do more to prevent harmRead MoreThe Reasons Why Inequality Still Lurks Within Society Today s Society1717 Words   |  7 Pagesterrible actions by companies and employers. These people are one of the reasons why inequality still lurks in society today. The types of discrimination fall into three major categories. Age, gender, and racial discrimination are relevant in the workplace and job interviews. Elders over the age of fifty-five are having a hard time finding a job do to their age. Mary Gambill, who is a sixty-five year old job seeker, fears that her age turns away employers. Mary states that, â€Å"‘I think that sometimesRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1197 Words   |  5 Pagesyears ago and it serves as an entry point for the use of other illegal drugs.† Legalizing marijuana in the state of Arkansas will be more of a serious problem for the adolescents and the younger population. This age is critical for this population cause of the influences, such as fitting in, peer pressure, and increase in wanting to try new things. Most importantly, the mental health professionals are concerned about the effects it has on the populations, especially the adolescents or young adults

Becks Cognitive Therapy free essay sample

This paper defines, applies and evaluates Aaron Becks cognitive therapy. The author states that cognitive therapy relates to how a person thinks and attempts to resolve the patients problems by changing how they think. The author believes that the strengths of cognitive therapy is that it is a comforting process and an action-oriented approach focused in the present. The author continues that the weakness is it may not work in extreme cases. Table of Contents Introduction Applications of Cognitive Therapy Listening to Internal Dialogue Dream Therapy Conditions Treated by Cognitive Therapy Depression Suicide Prevention Strengths and Weaknesses Ellis Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET) Strengths and Weaknesses `Beck believed that problems resulted from cognitive distortions, that is, were based in a persons thinking. Beck believed that a persons thought, beliefs, attitudes and perceptions were the basis for what emotions they would experience and how intense those emotions would be and that by changing the thinking a person could change their experience. We will write a custom essay sample on Becks Cognitive Therapy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page `

Accounting Theory and Practice Research

Question: Write about theAccounting Theory and Practicefor Research. Answer: Bhp and Vale Edge Closer To $47.5 Billion Samarco Dam Disaster Settlement BHP Billiton and Vale entered into a joint venture with Samarco for the purpose of building a dam. They initiated a preliminary agreement stating the process and timeline for settling the litigation in case of any mishappening. The dam felled injuring 16 people and 19 deaths including environmental damage. Further the agreement gives relief to companies by providing $US 675 million to recover losses. Samarco shall require numerous approvals to further carry on any activity. The case acquittal shall be declared on June 30, 2017 (Evlin, 2017). Accounting Theory The legitimacy theory states that the company shall understand its corporate social and environmental responsibility and disclose the mandatory information required by the public. The company shall understand the value of rules and norm made by the government and shall comply it accordingly. Suchman explained this theory as, Legitimacy is a generalized perception or assumption that the actions of an entity are desirable, proper, or appropriate within some socially constructed system of norms, values, beliefs, and definitions. In case the company fails to act according to the social expectations then the company shall be restricted from doing its business activities until and unless the company itself provides justification through its social actions for the betterment of environment (Belal, 2008). Analysis As the legitimacy theory states that the organization shall disclose its environmental as well as social information in order to legitimate their legitimacy. It shall also take concrete actions with respect of the social guidelines (Bebbington, Larrinaga-Gonzlez Moneva-Abada, 2008). In the given case of BHP and Vale, the joint venture of BHP and Vale with Samarco didnt work well occurring in a dam disaster and leaving 19 people dead and 16 injured. As per the information disclosed by the organization about preliminary agreement, the companies shall provide initial security of USD 675 as remedy for affected areas. And the litigation defines the company Samarco shall be suspended for damaging the environment and shall further carry on its action with the approval of government only. According to the analysis, the article totally relates to the legitimate theory as the article talks about the disaster occurred in Brazil and remedial measures taken by the organizations and government to resolve the issue (McWilliams, Siegel, 2001). Further adding to it, the theory defines that the organizations shall voluntarily disclosed the vital information about the company which might affect the environment. Connecting to theory in the given case, BHP and Vale disclosed all the information of the preliminary contract in order to build trust in the society. The company also requires taking licenses from the government in order to start any commercial agreement with any other organization as well. The legitimate theory emanates that the companies needs reveal its corporate environmental information and wok on them as well in order to maintain trust (Abrutyn, 2016). Similarly, in the case of BHP and Vale, the government obligated the companies the pay USD 675 million as security and USD 60 million to support environmental programs. This step was taken by government as well as companies to negotiate the damage done due to their negligence and for the betterment of public on a whole. Conclusion Following the litigation theory, the organizations need to be aware of its corporate social responsibility. The organization and government shall act in accordance with the rules and norms defined so that harmony is maintained in the society (ODonovan, 2002). References Abrutyn, S. (2016). Handbook of Contemporary Sociological Theory. Switzerland; Springer International Publishing. Bebbington, J., Larrinaga-Gonzlez, C., Moneva-Abada, J. M. (2008). Legitimating reputation/the reputation of legitimacy theory.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,21(3), 371-374. Belal, A. R. (2008). Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting in Developing Countries.USA; Ashgate Publishing Company. Evlin, L. (2017). BHP and Vale closer to $47.5 billion Samarco dam disaster settlement. Viewed on 2 may 2017 from https://www.businessnewsaus.com.au/articles/bhp-and-vale-edge-closer-to--47-5-billion-samarco-dam-disaster-settlement.html?utm_medium=emailutm_source=www.thewebconsole.comutm_campaign=BNA+news+update+20+January+2016utm_content=28911855c=29684491_c=4db9e1f2b3dc112a5066d7ed87f8bdcd McWilliams, A., Siegel, D. (2001). Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspective.Academy of management review,26(1), 117-127. ODonovan, G. (2002). Environmental disclosures in the annual report: Extending the applicability and predictive power of legitimacy theory.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,15(3), 344-371.